Classical and modern Arab rhetoricians have devoted considerable attention to the study of argumentation theory. They have sought to elucidate its conceptual framework and identify its most important features, as well as its artistic and linguistic characteristics, by applying its procedures to various forms of linguistic and literary discourse, such as poetry, prose, Qurʾānic narratives, novels, sermons, and other types of discourse. Their aim has been to highlight its theoretical and practical dimensions for recipients and to provide them with various mechanisms and procedures through which the semantic, syntactic, morphological, and aesthetic structures of written texts and orally delivered discourse may be interrogated. Accordingly, this study seeks to examine the conceptual framework of argumentation theory and apply its mechanisms and procedures to the discourse of the account of the People of the Book and the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) in Surat Āl ʿImrān. This is undertaken in order to interrogate its argumentative structures, explore its linguistic and non-linguistic features, unveil its various subtleties and its artistic and epistemological dimensions, and identify its aesthetic, suggestive, doctrinal, and ideological implications.